Administrator Clintox - One

High dose cisplatin for chemotherapy has been associated with nephrotoxicity and otoxicity. What is the proposed mechanism for ototoxicity? Ototoxicity may be caused by cisplatin-induced degeneration of the hair cells of the cochlea and is related to both cumulative and individual cisplatin dose. In the…

What law was passed by Congress in 1974 (and amended in 1986 and 1996) to protect public health by regulating the nation’s public drinking water supply? The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). This law requires many actions to protect drinking water and its sources. The…

What is the most toxic part of the poison hemlock plant? All parts of poison-hemlock (leaves, stem, fruit, and root) are poisonous. Leaves are especially poisonous in the spring, up to the time the plant flowers. https://www.ars.usda.gov/pacific-west-area/logan-ut/poisonous-plant-research/docs/poison-hemlock-conium-maculatum/

What is the main toxin contained in poison hemlock (Conium maculatum)? Coniine is the most potent of the eight nicotinic alkaloids found in C. maculatum. These alkaloids are selective nicotinic-type acetylcholine receptor agonists that have effects on both the autonomic and skeletal muscles. Li K,…

What is the most toxic part of the water hemlock plant? The tubers contain the highest concentration of cicutoxin, with little cicutoxin found in the above ground parts and are reported to be the most toxic plant part. The stems and leaves of mature plants…

What is the main toxin contained in water hemlock (Cicuta maculata and Cicuta.douglasii)? Cicutoxin. The proposed mechanism of action of cicutoxin is from its action as a noncompetitive gamma aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor antagonist in the central nervous system. Welch KD, Stonecipher CA, Lee ST,…

What percentage of patients develop symptoms of serotonin toxicity within 1 and 6 hours of a precipitating event? In a review of 41 case reports of serotonin toxicity, 30% of patients developed symptoms of serotonin toxicity within 1 hour and 60% developed symptoms within 6…

In Europe, silibinin is the drug of choice for amatoxin mushroom poisoning, but pharmaceutical grade silibinin is unavailable in North America. What widely available immunosuppressive drug (used to prevent organ transplant rejection) may treat or prevent hepatotoxicity caused by amatoxins?   Cyclosporine. Cyclosporine is a…

Ingestion of naphthalene mothballs can cause what effects? Methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia. Clinical effects can include headache, altered mental status, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, tachycardia, and hypotension. The acute intravascular hemolysis can lead to hematuria, leukocytosis with neutrophil predominance, jaundice, hepatic and renal dysfunction….