Administrator Clintox - One

Acute ingestion of mothballs containing what toxicant can cause the abrupt onset of generalized seizures? Camphor. Seizures are a known complication of camphor toxicity and are reported after ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure Khine H, et al. A cluster of children with seizures caused by…

Chronic isoniazid toxicity can cause peripheral neuropathy that is preventable with concurrent administration of pyridoxine. What manifestation of chronic toxicity is not prevented by concurrent pyridoxine administration? Hepatotoxicity. Some studies have shown a mortality benefit in using corticosteroids and N-acetylcysteine early in the course of…

What part of the cell contains the majority of enzymes performing phase I and phase II reactions? Drug metabolism occurs primarily in the endoplasmic reticula of cells through these two general classes of enzymatic processes. Sandritter TL, et al. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 2020. Chapter…

What compound, found in licorice, can cause electrolyte abnormalities, edema and elevated blood pressure after excessive intake? Glycyrrhetic acid is hydrolyzed in the intestine to the pharmacologically active compound glycyrrhetic acid, which inhibits the enzyme 11-ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme type 2 with a resultant cortisol-induced mineralocorticoid…

What licorice substitute has been manufactured  avoid the potential side effects of excess licorice intake? De-glycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) is manufactured by removing the active compound glycyrrhizin. It is available in capsules, lozenges, wafers and liquid. Omar HR, Komarova I, El-Ghonemi M, et al. Licorice abuse:…

Licorice, due to its aldosterone-like action, can cause what clinical effects when taken in excess? Hypokalemia with subsequent hypokalemic myopathy manifesting as flaccid paralysis and QT prolongation with possible torsade de pointes. Other clinical findings can include edema and increased blood pressure. Table 3 in…

In 1981, in Spain, the ingestion of an oil fraudulently sold as olive oil caused an outbreak of a previously unrecorded condition, later known as toxic oil syndrome (TOS). Among survivors, there is a high prevalence what chronic conditions? Scleroderma (9-13%) and neuromuscular changes. Neuromuscular…

In 1981, in Spain, the ingestion of an oil fraudulently sold as olive oil caused an outbreak of a previously unrecorded condition, later known as toxic oil syndrome (TOS). What were the acute clinical characteristics of this syndrome? Intense incapacitating myalgias, morbilliform skin eruption, marked…

Injection of xylazine and xylazine-containing illicit drug mixtures has been associated with what chronic condition? Skin ulcerations. According to the cited cross-sectional survey study, the prevalence of skin lesions was 35%. Reyes JC, Negrón JL, Colón HM, et al. The emerging of xylazine as a…