Historical QOD 3/2/2009: What findings predominate in renal biopsies of patients with lithium toxicity?
Chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy (CTIN), cortical and medullary tubular cysts and dilatation, and focal segmental and global glomerulosclerosis. Image: Severe lithium-associated chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy (CTIN) with diffuse interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy and relative sparing of glomeruli
Markowitz GS, Radhakrishnan J, Kambham N, Valeri AM, Hines WH, D’Agati VD. Lithium nephrotoxicity: a progressive combined glomerular and tubulointerstitial nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2000 Aug;11(8):1439-1448. doi: 10.1681/ASN.V1181439. PMID: 10906157.