Administrator Clintox - One

In a retrospective study of pediatric patients ages (0-18 years) who presented to the ED of a single urban hospital in Arizona, the authors compared patients treated with serial single vial doses of scorpion F(ab’)2 antivenom vs the FDA approved dosing of a single dose…

What kind of reproductive toxicity was seen in Swiss male mice after chronic exposure to cannabidiol (CBD)? There was a decrease in total circulating testosterone by 76% (still within normal physiological range), an increase sperm head abnormalities, and a 38% reduction in the amount of…

How is CBD metabolized? CBD is metabolized in the liver and intestine by cytochrome P450 enzymes including CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 and 5′-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms including UGT1A7, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7. Interetsingly, CBD has also been documented as an inducer and inhibitor of CYP3A and CYP2C, as…

Dermal and gastric decontamination with what solution is recommended for phenol exposures? Animal models have shown decreased mortality, systemic effects, and dermal burns after using low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) compared to water. Brown VK, Box VL, Simpson BJ. Decontamination procedures for skin exposed…

In a review of acute metformin overdose, what percentage of people died with a nadir pH less than 6.9 and lactate greater than 25 mmol/L? 83% Dell’Aglio DM, Perino LJ, Kazzi Z, Abramson J, Schwartz MD, Morgan BW. Acute metformin overdose: examining serum pH, lactate…

Under what circumstances might DDMAPh (100 mg digoxin, 1,000 mg diazepam, 15,000 mg morphine, 8,000 mg amitriptyline, 5,000 mg phenobarbital, mixed in 4 ounces of water) be prescribed for a patient? DDMAPh is the primary medication combination used for Medical Aid in Dying. 30 minutes…

In a recent retrospective analysis, these two biomarkers were elevated in patients with liver failure secondary to mushroom poisoning? Lactate and ammonia. Gao Y et al. Lactate and blood ammonia on admission as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of patients with acute mushroom poisoning and…

Linamarin (2-hydroxyisobutylrnitrile-β- D-glucose) is the cyanogenic glycoside found in what type of plant? Unprocessed cassava root Consumed linamarin in unprocessed cassava root is hydrolyzed to cyanohydrin by intestinal β-glucosidases. Cyanohydrin then dissociates to cyanide in the alkaline environment of the small intestine. Chronic consumption of…

How would you treat an inhalational exposure to americium-141 DTPA. DTPA can be given via nebulization or intravenously, with various factors contributing to this decision. The recommendation is to specifically administer Ca-DTPA as the first dose within the first 24 hrs after exposure and then…

What drug when started at higher doses is associated with a higher 30-day risk of hospitalization with encephalopathy in older adults with CKD? Baclofen. A retrospective cohort study included 15,942 patients with CKD who were newly started on baclofen. The results showed that out of…