Administrator Clintox - One

Several case reports have documented successful treatment of asparaginase-induced hepatotoxicity using what two drugs? L-carnitine and Vitamin B complex. The presumed mechanism of asparaginase-induced hepatotoxicity is depletion of the L-asparagine and glutamine pool in the liver, causing decreased protein synthesis. This leads to impaired mitochondrial…

Dose-related toxicity to aspraginase and PEG asparaginase is manifested by what symptoms? hypersensitivity reactions, clotting abnormalities, bone marrow suppression, pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity, and central nervous system toxicities. A severe and protracted form of liver injury can occur in 15-20% of adults and 5% of children. These…

What is the US Pharmacopeia Convention? The USP Convention is a 200+ year-old non-profit entity with a public health mission to promote safety of drugs, foods, and dietary supplements. The USP establishes standards for quality and purity, performs audits of manufacturing facilities and conducts quality…

Intramuscular administration of this drug has recently been shown to reduce mortality in an animal model of cyanide poisoning? Hendry-Hofer TB et al. recently evaluated aqueous dimethyl trisulfide given intramuscularly to cyanide poisoned swine. The DMTS-treated group had 90% survival compraed to 30% in the…

A patient presents with nausea, vomiting, bradycardia and hypotension after ingesting a foraged plant. Vital signs include a heart rate of 42 bpm and blood pressure of 83/42 mmHg. Electrocardiogram reveals sinus bradycardia. Serum potassium was normal. A digoxin level returns at 0.38 ng/mL. What…

What chemical in airbags can lead to alkaline burns in patients involved in motor vehicle accidents? Sodium azide The impact of a motor vehicle crash discharges an electrical charge causes sodium azide to convert into nitrogen gas inside the airbag. Thermal burns are the result…

Terrestrial Flatworms, an invasive species to the United States, have been shown to secrete which toxin to subdue their prey? Tetrodotoxin Stokes, Amber N et al. “Confirmation and distribution of tetrodotoxin for the first time in terrestrial invertebrates: two terrestrial flatworm species (Bipalium adventitium and…

This hydrocarbon has been implicated in “degreaser’s flush”, where a disulfiram like reaction with concomitant ethanol consumption has occurred. Trichloroethylene is used as an industrial solvent, cleanser and degreaser. It competitively inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and when alcohol consumption occurs, it can result in a disulfiram…

What substances have been associated with hepatic angiosarcoma? Hepatic angiosarcoma is strongly associated with exposure to vinyl chloride, arsenic, thorium dioxide and androgenic hormones Huang N-C, et al. Arsenic, vinyl chloride, viral hepatitis, and hepatic angiosarcoma: a hospital-based study and review of literature in Taiwan….