Administrator Clintox - One

What valproic acid metabolites are responsible for its hepatotoxic and neurotoxic effects? Valproic acid (VPA) is metabolized in the liver via 3 different pathways – glucuronidation, beta oxidation in the mitochondria, and cytosolic omega (ω and ω1) oxidation. Many metabolites are generated; however, 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid…

Which four snakes’ venom is used in Neuro Polyvalent Antivenom (NPAV)? Naja kaouthia (Thai monocled cobra), Ophiophagus hannah (king cobra), Bungarus candidus (Malayan krait) and Bungarus fasciatus (banded krait) Weigel B et al. Successful management of monocled cobta (Naja kaouthia) envenomation with neuro polyvalent antivenom….

What agent is associated with severe diaper rash, skin breakdown, and blister formation after exploratory ingestions by children. Senna. In 2003, a prospective case series from 6 poison centers suggested an approximately 33% risk of severe rash and 11% skin breakdown and blisters in children…

In a review of five cases of captive Gaboon viper (Bitis gabonica) envenomations, there was one fatality reported. What systemic toxicity occurs from a Gaboon viper envenomation that could have played a role in her death? Coagulopathy with associated hemorrhage. Postmortem examination of the patient…

Exposure to the wild parsnip plant (Pastinia sativa) is most likely to present with what clinical manifestation? What is the purported mechanism of injury? Wild parsnip is a common plant found throughout the majority of the Northern US and Canada, and is often mistaken from…

What is CH-PIATA? CH-PIATA, or N-cyclohexyl-2-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)acetamide is a novel synthetic cannabinoid that has recently been identified in the United States https://www.npsdiscovery.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/CH-PIATA_042922_CFSRE-Chemistry_Report.pdf?mc_cid=3795b19014&mc_eid=f16db53f6c

What is N-cyclohexyl methylone? N-cyclohexyl methylone is a substituted cathinone sometimes refered to as cyputylone, which has recently been identified in the USA. https://www.npsdiscovery.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/N-Cyclohexyl-Methylone_050922_CFSRE-Chemistry_Report.pdf?mc_cid=e44e61b17d&mc_eid=f16db53f6c

What is NN-Dimethylpentylone? NN-Dimethylpentylone is a substituted cathinone that has begun to replace eutylone in antemortem, post mortem, and drug material analysis. Pentylone is a metabolite. https://www.npsdiscovery.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Public-Alert_Dimethylpentylone_NPS-Discovery_042022.pdf?mc_cid=593eda18ad&mc_eid=f16db53f6c

What is Dipyanone? Dipyanone is a novel opioid with structure similarity to methadone.  It is thought to be slightly less potent than methadone and remains unscheduled in the United States. https://www.npsdiscovery.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Dipyanone_031422_NMSLabs_Report.pdf?mc_cid=f36ab43ee5&mc_eid=f16db53f6c

A patient ingests ceramic glazing and developed hypokalemia. What is the toxin? Barium carbonate. Jamshidi N et al. Life threatening barium carbonate poisoning managed with intravenous potassium, CVVH and endoscopic removal of retained ceramic glazes. Clin Tox. Published online 4 May 2022. doi/full/10.1080/15563650.2022.2068424