AACT/AACT - Position Statements: Appendix 1

Appendix 1

Randomized Controlled Trials of Single-Dose Activated Charcoal in Human Volunteers

Activated Charcoal Bioavailablility (Mean SD)^cd Percent

Drug Dose n Dose Form^a Delay^b Control Charcoal Reduction^e Ref

(g) (min)

Acetaminophen 1000 mg 8 10 1 0 89.6 j 10.7 56.5 j 24.3 36.9^A 67

Acetaminophen 1000 mg 5 5 1 0 83.0 43.8 47.2^A 68

Acetaminophen 1000 mg 5 10 1 0 83.0 32.0 61.4^A 68

Acetaminophen 1000 mg 5 10 1 36 83.0 57.2 31.1^A 68

Acetaminophen 3000 mg 10 50 1, 4 60 119.41 88.92* 25.5 69

Acetaminophen 1000 mg 6 50 2 5 100.0 15.0 85.0^B 70

Acetaminophen 1000 mg 6 50 2 30 100.0 60.0* 40.0^B 70

Aminophylline 350 mg SR 6 50 2 5 100.0 19.0 81.0^B 70

Aminophylline 350 mg SR 6 50 2 30 100.0 25.0* 75.0^B 70

Amiodarone 400 mg 6 25 2 0 6.82 j 0.82^H 0.16 j 0.05 97.7 71

Amiodarone 400 mg 6 25 2 90 6.82 j 0.82^H 3.40 1.0* 50.1^I 71

Amitriptyline 75 mg 6 50 2 0 3.91 j .051^E,H unmeasurable 100.0 72

Ampicillin 5000 mg 10 50 3, 5 60 50.2 j 10.7^H 21.8 j 2.4 56.6 73

Atenolol 100 mg 7 25 2 5 9.05 j 0.67^H 0.81 j 0.10* 91.0 74

Carbamazepine 400 mg 5 50 2 <5 258 j 15^H <10.0* 100.0 75

Carbamazepine 400 mg 5 50 2 60 258 j 15^H 153 j 33* 40.7 75

Carbamazepine 400 mg 6 8 2 <5 165 j 3.7^H 11 j 4.7* 93.3 76

Chloroquine 500 mg 6 25 2 <5 7.27 j 0.825^H 0.062 j 0.046 99.1 77

Chlorpropamide 250 mg 6 50 2 5 2581 j 207^H 12.7 j 3.8 99.5 78

Cimetidine 400 mg 7 50 2 5 8.25 j 0.85^H unmeasurable 100.0 79

Ciprofloxacin 500 mg 6 1 4 <5 13.36 j 3.98 12.02 j 3.19 10.0 80

Digoxin .025 mg 6 8 2 <5 14.3 j 1.3^D,H 0.2 j 0.1* 98.6 76

Digoxin 0.50 mg 6 50 2 <5 36.4 j 4.3^D,H 2.8 j 11 92.3 81

Digoxin 0.50 mg 6 50 2 60 36.4 j 4.3^D,H 25.6 j 2.2* 29.7 81

Diphenhydramine 50 mg 6 50 2 5 757 j 366^D unmeasurable* 100.0 20

Diphenhydramine 50 mg 6 50 2 60 757 j 366^D 575 j 273 24.0 20

Disopyramide 200 mg 6 2.5 2 <5 38.8 j 7.8^H 15.9 j 3.5* 59.0 82

Disopyramide 200 mg 6 10 2 <5 38.8 j 7.8^H 4.2 j 1.9* 89.2 82

Disopyramide 200 mg 6 25 2 <5 38.8 j 7.8^H 1.4 j 0.6* 96.4 82

Disopyramide 200 mg 6 50 2 <5 38.8 j 7.8^H 1.4 j 0.6* 96.4 82

Disopyramide 200 mg 6 2.5 2 <5 30.1 j 2.2^H 6.8 j 1.8* 77.4 82

Furosemide 40 mg 6 8 2 <5 3.5 j 0.75^H 0.03 j 0.02* 99.1 76

Glipizide 10 mg 6 8 2 0 1830 j 267^D,H 352 j 128 80.8 83

Indomethacin 50 mg 6 2.5 2 <5 8.9 j 1.5^H 3.1 j 0.6* 65.2 82

Indomethacin 50 mg 6 2.5 2 <5 8.9 j 1.5^H 3.1 j 0.6* 65.2 82

Indomethacin 50 mg 6 10 2 <5 8.9 j 1.5^H 1.3 j 0.3* 85.4 82

Indomethacin 50 mg 6 25 2 <5 8.9 j 1.5^H 0.8 j 0.2* 91.0 82

Indomethacin 50 mg 6 50 2 <5 8.9 j 1.5^H 0.5 j 0.2* 94.4 82

Isoniazid 600 mg 4 10 6 0 46.3 34.3 25.9 84

Isoniazid 10 mg/kg 3 60 1 0 100.0 unmeasurable* 100.0^B 85

Mefenamic acid 500 mg 9 2.5 6 60 1.843 j 715 1.180 j 551 36.0 86

Mexiletine 200 mg 6 25 2 <5 2.82 j 0.37^H 0.10 j 0.05 96.5 87

Mexiletine 200 mg 6 25 2 60 2.82 j 0.37^H 2.66 j 0.33 5.7 87

N-acetylcysteine 140 mg/kg 21 100 1 30 5,799 j 1,756^G 3,484 j 1,398 39.9 56

N-acetylcysteine 140 mg/kg 6 60 1 0 3,019 j 1,244 2,466 j 936 18.3 55

Nizatidine 150 mg 11 2 1 60 3120 j 372^D 2,410 j 591* 22.8 88

Nortriptyline 1 mg/kg 6 5 4 30 100.0 71.2* 28.8^B 89

Nortriptyline 75 mg 6 10 6 30 100.0 26.0 74.0^B 90

Nortriptyline 75 mg 6 10 6 120 100.0 62.5 37.5 90

Nortriptyline 75 mg 6 10 6 240 100.0 87.0 13.0 90

Paroxetine 60 mg 13 20 3 20 1005 j 914.0^D unmeasurable* 100.0 91

Paroxetine 60 mg 13 20 3 40 1005 j 914.0 unmeasurable* 100.0 91

Phenobarbital 200 mg 5 50 2 <5 376 j 31^H <10* 100.0 75

Phenobarbital 200 mg 5 50 2 60 376 j 31^H 199 j 56* 47.1 75

Phenylbutazone 200 mg 5 50 2 <5 1647 j 122^H 30 j 10* 98.2 75

Phenylbutazone 200 mg 5 50 2 60 1647 j 122^H 1154 j 267* 29.9 75

Phenylpropanolamine 50 mg 7 25 2 5 1.62 j 0.20^H 0.57 j 0.07* 64.8 74

Phenylpropanolamine 50 mg 4 0.5 1 0 80.0 42.0 47.5^A 19

Phenylpropanolamine 50 mg 4 5 1 0 80.0 5.2 93.5^A 19

Phenytoin 500 mg 6 50 2 <5 357 j 35^H 2.8 j 2.2* 99.2 81

Phenytoin 500 mg 6 50 2 60 357 j 35 79 j 17* 77.9 81

Pinodolol 10 mg 7 50 2 5 0.431 j 0.065^H unmeasurable* 100.0 79

Piroxicam 20 mg 6 50 3 5 321.4 j 96.0^F 6.7 j 7.3* 97.9 92

Propoxyphene 103 mg 6 50 2 5 3.65 j 0.43^F,H 0.15 j 0.05 95.9 93

Quinidine 200 mg 6 50 2 5 17.6 j 0.8^H unmeasurable* 100.0 44

Salicylamide 1000 mg 4 1.5 1 0 92.5 71.8 22.4^A 19

Salicylamide 1000 mg 4 10 1 0 92.5 21.4 76.9 19

Salicylamide 750 mg 5 5 3 5 79.0 47.0 40.5^A 5

Salicylate 975 mg 7 20 2 <5 772.7 j 333.6 479.7 j 306.1 37.9^C 94

Salicylate 975 mg 7 20 3 <5 772.7 j 333.6 265.1 j 127.0 65.7^C 94

			Activated Charcoal			Bioavailablility (Mean SD)^cd		Percent
Drug	Dose	n	Dose	Form^a	Delay^b	Control	Charcoal	Reduction^e	Ref
			(g)		(min)

Acetaminophen	1000 mg	8	10	1	0	89.6 j 10.7	56.5 j 24.3	36.9^A	67
Acetaminophen	1000 mg	5	5	1	0	83.0	43.8	47.2^A	68
Acetaminophen	1000 mg	5	10	1	0	83.0	32.0	61.4^A	68
Acetaminophen	1000 mg	5	10	1	36	83.0	57.2	31.1^A	68
Acetaminophen	3000 mg	10	50	1, 4	60	119.41	88.92*	25.5	69
Acetaminophen	1000 mg	6	50	2	5	100.0	15.0	85.0^B	70
Acetaminophen	1000 mg	6	50	2	30	100.0	60.0*	40.0^B	70
Aminophylline	350 mg SR	6	50	2	5	100.0	19.0	81.0^B	70
Aminophylline	350 mg SR	6	50	2	30	100.0	25.0*	75.0^B	70
Amiodarone	400 mg	6	25	2	0	6.82 j 0.82^H	0.16 j 0.05	97.7	71
Amiodarone	400 mg	6	25	2	90	6.82 j 0.82^H	3.40 1.0*	50.1^I	71
Amitriptyline	75 mg	6	50	2	0	3.91 j .051^E,H	unmeasurable	100.0	72
Ampicillin	5000 mg	10	50	3, 5	60	50.2 j 10.7^H	21.8 j 2.4	56.6	73
Atenolol	100 mg	7	25	2	5	9.05 j 0.67^H	0.81 j 0.10*	91.0	74
Carbamazepine	400 mg	5	50	2	<5	258 j 15^H	<10.0*	100.0	75
Carbamazepine	400 mg	5	50	2	60	258 j 15^H	153 j 33*	40.7	75
Carbamazepine	400 mg	6	8	2	<5	165 j 3.7^H	11 j 4.7*	93.3	76
Chloroquine	500 mg	6	25	2	<5	7.27 j 0.825^H	0.062 j 0.046	99.1	77
Chlorpropamide	250 mg	6	50	2	5	2581 j 207^H	12.7 j 3.8	99.5	78
Cimetidine	400 mg	7	50	2	5	8.25 j 0.85^H	unmeasurable	100.0	79
Ciprofloxacin	500 mg	6	1	4	<5	13.36 j 3.98	12.02 j 3.19	10.0	80
Digoxin	.025 mg	6	8	2	<5	14.3 j 1.3^D,H	0.2 j 0.1*	98.6	76
Digoxin	0.50 mg	6	50	2	<5	36.4 j 4.3^D,H	2.8 j 11	92.3	81
Digoxin	0.50 mg	6	50	2	60	36.4 j 4.3^D,H	25.6 j 2.2*	29.7	81
Diphenhydramine	50 mg	6	50	2	5	757 j 366^D	unmeasurable*	100.0	20
Diphenhydramine	50 mg	6	50	2	60	757 j 366^D	575 j 273	24.0	20
Disopyramide	200 mg	6	2.5	2	<5	38.8 j 7.8^H	15.9 j 3.5*	59.0	82
Disopyramide	200 mg	6	10	2	<5	38.8 j 7.8^H	4.2 j 1.9*	89.2	82
Disopyramide	200 mg	6	25	2	<5	38.8 j 7.8^H	1.4 j 0.6*	96.4	82
Disopyramide	200 mg	6	50	2	<5	38.8 j 7.8^H	1.4 j 0.6*	96.4	82
Disopyramide	200 mg	6	2.5	2	<5	30.1 j 2.2^H	6.8 j 1.8*	77.4	82
Furosemide	40 mg	6	8	2	<5	3.5 j 0.75^H	0.03 j 0.02*	99.1	76
Glipizide	10 mg	6	8	2	0	1830 j 267^D,H	352 j 128	80.8	83
Indomethacin	50 mg	6	2.5	2	<5	8.9 j 1.5^H	3.1 j 0.6*	65.2	82
Indomethacin	50 mg	6	2.5	2	<5	8.9 j 1.5^H	3.1 j 0.6*	65.2	82
Indomethacin	50 mg	6	10	2	<5	8.9 j 1.5^H	1.3 j 0.3*	85.4	82
Indomethacin	50 mg	6	25	2	<5	8.9 j 1.5^H	0.8 j 0.2*	91.0	82
Indomethacin	50 mg	6	50	2	<5	8.9 j 1.5^H	0.5 j 0.2*	94.4	82
Isoniazid	600 mg	4	10	6	0	46.3	34.3	25.9	84
Isoniazid	10 mg/kg	3	60	1	0	100.0	unmeasurable*	100.0^B	85
Mefenamic acid	500 mg	9	2.5	6	60	1.843 j 715	1.180 j 551	36.0	86
Mexiletine	200 mg	6	25	2	<5	2.82 j 0.37^H	0.10 j 0.05	96.5	87
Mexiletine	200 mg	6	25	2	60	2.82 j 0.37^H	2.66 j 0.33	5.7	87
N-acetylcysteine	140 mg/kg	21	100	1	30	5,799 j 1,756^G	3,484 j 1,398	39.9	56
N-acetylcysteine	140 mg/kg	6	60	1	0	3,019 j 1,244	2,466 j 936	18.3	55
Nizatidine	150 mg	11	2	1	60	3120 j 372^D	2,410 j 591*	22.8	88
Nortriptyline	1 mg/kg	6	5	4	30	100.0	71.2*	28.8^B	89
Nortriptyline	75 mg	6	10	6	30	100.0	26.0	74.0^B	90
Nortriptyline	75 mg	6	10	6	120	100.0	62.5	37.5	90
Nortriptyline	75 mg	6	10	6	240	100.0	87.0	13.0	90
Paroxetine	60 mg	13	20	3	20	1005 j 914.0^D	unmeasurable*	100.0	91
Paroxetine	60 mg	13	20	3	40	1005 j 914.0	unmeasurable*	100.0	91
Phenobarbital	200 mg	5	50	2	<5	376 j 31^H	<10*	100.0	75
Phenobarbital	200 mg	5	50	2	60	376 j 31^H	199 j 56*	47.1	75
Phenylbutazone	200 mg	5	50	2	<5	1647 j 122^H	30 j 10*	98.2	75
Phenylbutazone	200 mg	5	50	2	60	1647 j 122^H	1154 j 267*	29.9	75
Phenylpropanolamine	50 mg	7	25	2	5	1.62 j 0.20^H	0.57 j 0.07*	64.8	74
Phenylpropanolamine	50 mg	4	0.5	1	0	80.0	42.0	47.5^A	19
Phenylpropanolamine	50 mg	4	5	1	0	80.0	5.2	93.5^A	19
Phenytoin	500 mg	6	50	2	<5	357 j 35^H	2.8 j 2.2*	99.2	81
Phenytoin	500 mg	6	50	2	60	357 j 35	79 j 17*	77.9	81
Pinodolol	10 mg	7	50	2	5	0.431 j 0.065^H	unmeasurable*	100.0	79
Piroxicam	20 mg	6	50	3	5	321.4 j 96.0^F	6.7 j 7.3*	97.9	92
Propoxyphene	103 mg	6	50	2	5	3.65 j 0.43^F,H	0.15 j 0.05	95.9	93
Quinidine	200 mg	6	50	2	5	17.6 j 0.8^H	unmeasurable*	100.0	44
Salicylamide	1000 mg	4	1.5	1	0	92.5	71.8	22.4^A	19
Salicylamide	1000 mg	4	10	1	0	92.5	21.4	76.9	19
Salicylamide	750 mg	5	5	3	5	79.0	47.0	40.5^A	5
Salicylate	975 mg	7	20	2	<5	772.7 j 333.6	479.7 j 306.1	37.9^C	94
Salicylate	975 mg	7	20	3	<5	772.7 j 333.6	265.1 j 127.0	65.7^C	94